| "Pseudo-static seismic analysis used for design of pile foundations subjected to liquefaction-induced ground deformation requires a design horizontal ground displacement profile. To examine feasibility of determination of such soils displacement by dynamic response analyses using the equivalent linear method, simulation of three liquefaction sites was conducted. The analysis results reveal that the observed maximum acceleration and displacement at the ground surface can be captured using the equivalent linear method, providing appropriate soil parameters. The stiffness change at the liquefied layer alters the horizontal displacement both in the liquefied and non-liquefied layers, while it is not so sensitive to the maximum displacement at the ground surface." |
