| "Liquefaction induced lateral ground failure have caused extensive damage to pile foundations of buildings and bridges, embankments, river dikes, pipelines, lifeline system and waterfront structures during large earthquakes. The soil liquefaction during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, caused widespread damage on reclaimed land and induced large ground displacements in the horizontal direction, resulting in distress to buried lifelines and piles foundations of buildings and bridge piers along the Kobe shoreline Hamada et al.(1996). To protect these structures and to ensure their stability and serviceability during and after the earthquake shaking, the assessment of the likelihood induced permanent displacement and lateral spreading load is a matter of great concern in seismic proof design. This paper attempts to present a Lagrangian mesh-free particle method, namely the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) to assess the liquefaction induced lateral ground displacement based on the concept of fluid dynamics. The results of 1g shaking table experiment performed by Hamada et al. (1994) to examine the mechanism of the liquefaction induced lateral spreading after the cease of the shaking are used to validate the proposed method and to assess the induced ground displacement and flow velocity." |
