| Ground heaving has been observed in several in-service mountain tunnels in Japan, and various reinforcement measures are examined. However, there are some concerns for the construction restriction, especially under highway traffic.
Laboratory model test and numerical analysis, considering the impact of heaving, were conducted for the invert structure which could simplify the construction procedures.
The result showed that some different shapes of invert structure have the same level of load-carrying capacity as the current examples under certain load conditions, however, the possibility of structural disadvantage was also recognized. The suitable type of invert is discussed based on the expected construction conditions and past examples.
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