| we measured the estrogenic activity and antiestrogenic activities in wastewater and reclaimed water by in vitro ERα reporter gene assay. All samples were simultaneously analyzed for the expression of vitellogenin-1 and choriogenin-H in male medaka (Oryzias latipes) by quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol were simultaneously analyzed, and the concentrations were used to predict estrogenic activity. Comparison among all these indicators demonstrated that the measured net estrogenic activity by in vitro ERα reporter gene assay was actually good to predict the in vivo estrogenic effect on male medaka, and more accurate than predicted estrogenic activity based on the concentrations of estrogens. We also confirmed that medaka ERα reporter gene assay was better to predict the estrogenic effect on medaka compared to human ERα. |
