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発表 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BOULDER A RRANGEMENT ON ROCK RAMP FISHWAY BASED ON SWIMMING BEHAVIOR OF FISHES

作成年度 2014 年度
論文名 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BOULDER A RRANGEMENT ON ROCK RAMP FISHWAY BASED ON SWIMMING BEHAVIOR OF FISHES
論文名(和訳) 魚の遊泳行動に基づいた粗石付き魚道の粗度配置に関する実験的研究
論文副題
発表会 第10回国際環境水理シンポジウム
誌名 10th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2014
巻・号・回
発表年月日 2014/06/23 ~ 2014/06/27
所属研究室/機関名 著者名(英名)
河川生態チームKEIKO MURAOKA
河川生態チーム中西哲
河川生態チーム萱場祐一
抄録
A rock ramp fishway (Fig. 1) is an artificial but nature-like fishway that simulates the conditions in natural rapids. It consists of boulders on a slope used as a method to various fishes migration and movement on low-head weirs in Japan. The turbulence and backwater created around the boulders decreases the flow velocity locally and allow fish to migrate to upstream sites. Low velocity flow behind the boulders provides resting areas for migrating fishes. Given that the swimming performance of fishes varies according to species, body size, and growth, the boulder arrangements should be designed to create a flow suitable to permit the target species to pass, especially if it is weak swimmer. The hydraulic conditions of the flow over the slope of the fishway are controlled by the “dimensions of the fish passage (incline and length of the longitudinal slope of ramp.)” , the “flow conditions (the water depth of the flow)”, and the “boulder arrangement (sizes, shapes, layout)”. Though scientific knowledge of the influence of hydraulics on fish are important for designing fishway, few researchers have examined rock arrangements on fishway. Boulder arrangements, including seven boulder shapes and 27 layouts, were tested in a 0.4 m-wide flume. The swimming performance of Char (Salvelinus richardson) and freshwater Sculpin (Cottus pollux) around boulders were observed by five ultra-high-speed cameras, and the appropriate arrangement of boulders for each species was considered. Both species was unable to maintain its swimming balance within the boundary layer, and a different arrangement of boulders is therefore required according to the particular swimming physiology of each species.
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