| This study investigated the operating condition for a continuous operation of direct ultrafiltration (UF) membrane filtration using the primary effluent of wastewater treatment plant. Furthermore, we also evaluated the reductions of water qualities, indigenous viruses, and spiked MS2. Flux 0.5 m/d condition of UF operating with line-coagulation (polyaluminium chloride 100 mg/L) could achieved about 15 days continuous operation. The removal efficiencies of suspended solids, total phosphorus and total coliform were achieved with >99.9 %, 95~ 97 % and >99.99 %, respectively. Norovirus and Aichvirus were not detected in treated water of direct UF membrane filtration process with removal efficiencies of >99.9 %, which is higher than removal efficiencies of full treatment of wastewater treatment plants as shown the other studies. However, the virus removal efficiency by direct UF membrane filtration process of the primary effluent was much lower than that of the secondary effluent on the same coagulant dose. It is suggested that the virus removal of direct UF membrane filtration process is not improved significantly by increase of coagulant dose in linecoagulation because higher concentrations of dissolved organic substances in the primary effluent consumed coagulant. |
